Technology - Part 2 (By Moses)

Nano-Second/Sub-Zero Nano Second


A nanosecond is roughly .000000000001
A sub-zero nanosecond is roughly -.000000000001 (negative energy, negative time, stored information).
Sub-zero nanoseconds are used in sample and hold circuits to filter the trigger. This makes the digital reproduction seem real. It is used in only the professional audio and graphic software applications. Theoretically, this technology could be used to create temperal and spacial changes in our environment.


Internet versus Intranet


An intranet is the connection of hard-drives (cards) to a main source (hub). An internet connects these cards to a hub and to each-other.
The first intranet was developed in WW11 when the Americans and the British had their submarines’ hard-drives (cards) connected to one central hub. The submarines could only communicate with the central hub. This was essentially an internet as the central hub could share information discriminately. Location was usually shared from the central hub. In this configuration the hub itself was designed as a software application. This is what we see today in the form of search engines. This in its purist form is’ Networking. For example - E-Mail, My Space, Face-book, U Tube any software application for that matter.

Four properties of an internet;

1) Sharing information
2) Trading information,
3) Securing information
4) Selling information.


Gates and Limiters (Nyquist Limit)

Gates – in the analog domain, a gate is considered intolerance. The paradigm relationship is considered expansion. In other words 1:2, 1:4, 1:16, 1:256 and 1: 65536 are exponential rates of expansion and is considered to be tolerance (You’re tolerant up to a point). Past its’ level of barometer it becomes too fast a rate and is discriminated upon. In the digital domain, a gate is considered stringency (defined). Expansion in this context is considered a variance of concept (triggers). A Gate in its’ purest form takes a frequency barometer for example 20Hertz and any frequency above is mainstreamed and any frequency below is cut. That is why some machines use high-pass filters and some machines use low-cut filters. To insure that the signal is clean a 12 Hertz guard-band is used, and this increases the headroom of the signal (as the barometer of the Gate is set at 12 Hertz, therefore the peak frequency increases allowing for the signal to be recorded hotter. i.e. 10 dbu as opposed to 6 dbu).

Limiters – in the analog domain a limiter is considered intolerance. The paradigm relationship is considered compression. In other words 2:1, 4:1, 16:1, 256:1, 65536:1 is an exponential rate of compression and is considered to be tolerance. Past its’ level of barometer it becomes too much pressure and is discriminated upon. In the digital domain, a limiter is considered stringency (defined). Compression in this context is considered a variance of concept (triggers). A limiter in its’ purest form takes a frequency barometer, for example, 20khz and any frequency below is mainstreamed, and any frequency above is cut. That is why some machines use low-pass filters and some machines use high-cut filters. When it comes to limiters and compressors the filter carries a property that is called guard-band, firewalls and in CD professional applications a 2 kilohertz guard-band is used to prevent distortion (also known as unwanted noise). This is a Nyquist principle and creates headroom. In Digital Audio Tape there is no guard-band to protect the print and this is why an audio engineer uses a limiter so as to not clip (anything past 0dbu and the highest frequency recorded is less than 20khz enabling the signal appear to have more depth – A.K.A more headroom. There is more headroom with D.A.T tape than Compact disks as Compact disks incorporate a 2khz guard-band to print onto disk without distortion (as even with a built in limiter the print is only capable of printing frequencies up to 20.05khz and this is a full 3.95khz less in sampling than D.A.T. In the Nyquist Limit all frequencies positive and negative are accounted for and this is why the maximum frequency is doubled (in magnetics this is considered positive and negative ions). In other words through the Nyquist limit we see 20.05 kilohertz + 2kilohertz guard-band = 22.05 kilohertz x 2 = 44.1 kilohertz (C.D). D.A.T takes 24 kilohertz and doubles it to follow the Nyquist principle of positive and negative waveforms that encompasses all spectrums of sound.

Tape Speed

7.5 inches/second maximizes domains, meaning that there is more domains to work with. In professional applications in the analog domain 2-inch tape is used and in the digital domain Super-8 tape is used. In amateur and semi-professional applications tape speed is sped up to 30 inches/second and is used to accelerate rate. By using less tape and maximizing domains the human brain has a greater chance of interpreting the data effectively, also known as optimum (vs. Peak). 4-track on cassette is one side only as the left channel is in stereo, as is the right channel. This is also known as surround sound, or THX – a Lucas design (commonly referred to as DTS – Digital Theatre Systems).


Broadcast Networks


From a source (camera and/or microphone through a cable and/or antennae) to satellites- A.K.A monitors.

Miramax – E.T
M.G.M (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) – James Bond
Warner Brothers – A Clockwork Orange
Disney – The Jungle Book
Columbia (C.B.S, A.B.C, N.B.C included) – DaVinci Code
Alliance – Johnny Mnemonic
Fox
T.B.S – The Atlanta Braves
C.B.C – Hockey Night in Canada
C.T.V – The Toronto Blue Jays
B.B.C – Monty Python
Sony – Amanda Marshall
Paramount – The Sting
Orion
Dream-Works
Nelson/Embassy
Universal
MCA

In Video we see test tape on the feed also known as propagation (or influence-excise). There is frequency bias (the colorization of sound), amplitude bias (volume), panning bias (left and right channels), quadrant bias (where the focus of the screen appears), reverb or contrast (the depth of the signal), the pitch and pixel count (resolution), the timbre (brightness or tone, the equalization), and leagues (the overall perception broadcast and received- A.K.A- Sonar). To affect the equalization of the signal logarithms-synthesis is used A.K.A log. I.E – 1 cent of 100 is .01 or log10, 1 cent of log10 (.01) is .001 (log20), I cent of log20 is .0001 (log30) etc. This provides us with seamless edits and makes the picture pleasing to the eye

Technology - A Five Part Series - By Moses

Technology

Computers – i) Apple ii) Internal Business Machines (I.B.M) iii) Hewlett Packard iv) Olivetti v) N.C.R (Bank Machines – Wide Area Network).
Microphones- i) Ribbon ii) Dynamic iii) Condenser – Polar Patterns in reference to all three.
Camera’s – i) Analog ii) Digital
Automotives - refer to article in Pop-Culture
Planes – i) Boeing 747, 767 ii) Mirage iii) F-16/17/18 iv) C-16 v) Concorde vi) Cesna vii) MIG
Trains – i) Bombardier ii)Go-Train iii) C.N Rail (Canadian National) iv) Via Rail v) Amtrak
Radar – Tracking – Satellites
Cable – i) Ground (Copper) ii) Fiber-optics-Satellite iii) Standard frequency – i.e. 900Mega-Hertz – Cellular.
The internet vs. singular workstations
Fuel – i) Solar ii) Electric iii) Hydrogen iv) Wind v) Fossil vi) Nuclear
A/C – D/C – Alternating Current – Direct Current
A.M (Amplitude Modulation) and F.M (Frequency Modulation)
Source – Monitors (also known as an Input / Output Module) – a channel
Electronic Principles and Digital Circuitry A.K.A Silicon


Computers

There are 9 characters in a byte. One byte sequence is binary, and follows the sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, etc. This is called pulse code modulation, and other pulse codes such as pulse width, pulse number, and pulse positional are considered to be modulation or synthesis – osmosis (change).

In binary the sequence is as follows; 1 is on, 0 is off

The least significant bit is the bit to the furthest right. i.e. – 10100(1- least significant bit)
The most significant bit is the bit to the furthest left. i.e. – (1)01001
The binary word is a list of on and offs. i.e. - 101100101 – the bit rate is the number of bits in the binary word.
To calculate the value of the binary word simply, from right to left, add each bit together. The sequence of a binary word is as follows; 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64…

To calculate; 101001101 – bit rate is 9
256+64+8+4+1 = 333 x 9
Therefore the binary word has 2997 characters


Computers and Communication


An exchange of information from one data bank to another whereupon a data bank can be a disk, a hard-drive, a software application, or random access memory. A disk stores information. With a disk you put it into a drive and the hard-drive (random operating memory) stores it. The hard-drive then retrieves this information by using its’ random access memory. The disk in this configuration is the master device.
A hard-drive uses both R.O.M, and R.A.M. Operating memory is information stored and access memory is retrieved information.
Software applications are platforms used to store and retrieve information. Essentially, the concept of software includes hardware, as in order to access any information from a computer you’re retrieving this information from your R.O.M (which is a software application – internal to the hard-drive). Each independent digital workstation is a search engine. To copyright it makes it a legal commodity. Software applications access these stations through a Local Area Network and to a Wide Area Network, the intranet in the Private sector and the internet in the Public sector. For a company to burn D.V.D’s (Digital Video Encoding Drives) for the masses outside copyright means that they have the right to affect the storage medium, test frequencies, also known as propagate – influence.

Video Games

In 1971 home computers were introduced at a 2-bit rate, 3 kilobytes, is 27,000 characters and the video game Pong was released. Today, when two-bit is used the least significant bit is the indicator as to whether the machine is on or off at 1 and 0 (a switch), and the most significant bit is the total number of characters, undefined by specification.
In 1975, the technology changes towards a format in 4-bit, 15 kilobytes, is 135,000 characters and we saw Atari – Space Invaders and Galaxian, video games that were put in Arcades for the Public. These video games taught intolerance towards aliens, anyone outside their ways. People that played the game in an arcade had to stand as the game was designed for this purpose.
In 1977, Atari, Commodore, Apple, I.B.M, Coleco-Vision introduced 7-bit, also known as 64K, or 127 kilobytes, is 1,143,000 characters. They were Home Systems using conceptual video games such as Donkey Kong and Zapper designed to teach a person to fight paranoia (while sitting on a couch).
In 1983, Arcades introduced the Video Game Dragon’s Lair. This was the first virtual reality Video Game on the Market in the Arcades. It promoted the idealism of making choices. If you made the wrong choice you died. Virtual Reality is reality – A persons’ vision.
In 1987, Nintendo and Sega Home Systems surfaced and the number of conceptual video games are now so ever-changing that one must question what the games are teaching regarding the education of our children.
Significant analogies regarding the properties of Video Games;

1. Game Over – Death
2. Score – Digital representation of the analog domain, the player him/her self
3. Killing – De-sensitization
4. Arcades – Community Hard-drive (Hub)
5. Home Systems – Hubs and interface cards (Cartridges and System-internal software)
6. Software (interface cards) – Hard-drive (circuitry) - Grid


Synopsis

By 1996 the professional application used in post-production technology was 16-bit, or 65,535,000 kilobytes (65,535 megabytes) is 294,913,359,000,000 characters. It operated at 2 gigahertz.
In professional applications today, as of Jan 16th/08, an I-Pod uses 80 Gigabytes of R.O.M at 2 gigahertz, and post- production facilities use 384-bit at 20 gigahertz, a lot of information to account for, at an enormous speed. In 1998, the professional application of Ram was 4 gigabytes, used by Apple, in the name of the Seagate Barracuda (operating at 2 Gigahertz).
In my opinion the professional standard application should be 24-bit, or 16,777,215,000 Kilobytes (16.777215 terabytes), or 16,777,215,000,000 bytes, is 150,994,935,000,000,000 characters (operating at 4 gigahertz). My logic is this; In order for a man or woman to account for more characters than this amount, it will be such an ‘information overload’ that their system will turn to paranoia. In modern day home computers they’re starting to use terabytes. A terabyte is 1 trillion bytes, or, 1,000,000,000,000 bytes or 9,000,000,000,000 characters.

Earth Day Blackout

This neighborhood is full of greenies, most of whom I consider “useful idiots”. They live in giant 4,000 square-foot houses, but drive hybrid cars to save the environment. Earlier this week one of the neighbors stopped by to urge me to participate in a neighborhood Earth Day Celebration on the 28th. The entire neighborhood is suppose to turn all electric lights off between 8:30 and 9:30, and each of us is to bring lighted candles to a neighborhood social hour. That will save us from a lot of evil CO2, which they believe cause global warming. Apparently none of them are aware that candles are made from paraffin, which is petroleum based, and each candle creates 9.6 times as much CO2 as a 40-watt light bulb. As part of the Earth Day celebration a local filmmaker is showing a film touting the virtue of wind and solar power. Don’t get me wrong, I am all in favor of alternative energy to supplement traditional energy sources, but these idiots believe we can shut down the traditional power plants, and replace them with solar panels and windmills. That simply can’t happen until we discover something better than batteries to store power, and the greenies ignore repeated studies that prove it is impractical to rely on wind and solar for more than 20% of total power usage. The greenies brag that the cost of producing alternative energy is approaching that of traditional energy, but they forget to mention that alternative power has to be backed up by traditional power plants to maintain baseline power in transmission lines, and to supply power when the sun doesn’t shine, or the wind is less than optimum. Therefore we have to pay for two systems instead of one, doubling the cost of energy. As an example, Britain had the coldest winter in 20 years this winter, and during two weeks of arctic cold there was no wind or sunshine at all.

There are three sources of proven clean energy available now: hydro, nuclear, and geo-thermal. Those sources are vastly underused because they are taboo to the greenies. The Obama administration claims its goal is to make the US independent of foreign oil, but they don’t want to develop any of our own resources. Dams for hydroelectric might ruin the view, and upset the salmon; they just put a stop to nuclear power plants by shutting down nuclear waste storage; and geo-thermal energy has never been developed in the US. Instead the Obama administration and the Environmental Protection Agency intend to declare CO2 a harmful pollutant so they can tax it, and create their crazy “cap and trade” scheme. Consider that CO2 is a trace gas in the atmosphere; it is invisible, tasteless, and harmless, and human activity account for only 3.225% of the total CO2 in the atmosphere. Each humans exhale at least a half-pound of it per day, and plants need CO2 to survive.

The only reason to tax CO2 is to make conventional energy so expensive that green energy becomes attractive. No one is saying what the cost will be to society, or to the economy. I hear estimates that Cap and Trade will double the cost of electricity to the average home. Poor people simply cannot afford that, so the middle-class will be forced to subsidize that cost. Further more, the increased cost of energy will send what manufacturing we have left overseas, resulting in more jobs lost.

The Obama administration has promised that green energy will create over two million new jobs. They don’t mention how many people will loose jobs when they shut down traditional energy sources, or the social issues that will result from higher energy costs, higher fuel prices, and higher prices for farm products and manufactured goods. Here in Colorado, the greenies managed to put a stop to drilling down to one of the largest reservoirs of natural gas in the world, because drilling might disturb wildlife in the mountains. In Oregon and California the greenies just vetoed plans for a large wind farm in the Mohave Desert because it may disturb the view of the barren waste. They want windmills, but not in their state. Consider that it would take a wind farm the size of Wisconsin to supply electricity equal to the output of one nuclear power plant, and the wind farm grinds to a halt when the wind stops.

When the neighborhood went dark last night, I turned on all my indoor lights and my outdoor Christmas lights to show what I think of the World Wildlife Fund, and of Obama’s plan to make us a third world nation.

Gråulf

Second Conference on Climate Change by Gråulf

The 2009 International Conference on Climate Change is being held in New York this week. The topic of the conference is, “Global warming: Was it ever really a crisis?” The conference is a gathering of about 800 scientists, legislators, and policy activists who does not believe global warming is man-made.

Headliners among the 70-plus presenters are:

* Vaclav Klaus, president of the Czech Republic and of the European Union. At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, he declared, “Environmentalism and the global warming alarmism is challenging our freedom. I’m afraid that the current crisis will be misused for radically constraining the functioning of the markets and market economy all around the world.”

* American astronaut Dr. Jack Schmitt--the last living man to walk on the moon--a geologist Ph.D. who has contended he has seen “too many of [my] colleagues lose grant funding when they haven’t gone along with the so-called political consensus that we’re in a human-caused global warming.”

* William Gray, Colorado State University, who claims global warming alarmists have hijacked the American Meteorological Society.

* Richard Lindzen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of the world’s leading experts in dynamic meteorology, especially planetary waves.

* Stephen McIntyre, primary author of Climate Audit, a blog devoted to the analysis and discussion of climate data. He is a devastating critic of the temperature record of the past 1,000 years, particularly the work of Michael E. Mann, creator of the infamous “hockey stick” graph. That graph--thoroughly discredited in scientific circles--supposedly proved that mankind is responsible for a sharp increase in greenhouse gases.

* Arthur Robinson, curator of a global warming petition signed by more than 32,000 American scientists, including more than 10,000 with doctorate degrees, rejecting the alarmist assertion that global warming has put the Earth in crisis and is caused primarily by mankind.

* Willie Soon, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

* Roy Spencer, University of Alabama at Huntsville, principal research scientist and team leader on NASA’s Aqua satellite.

The scientists at the conference present diverse views on climate change, but generally they rallie around several key points. 1) The Earth is currently well within natural climate variability. 2) Almost all climate fear is generated by unproven computer model predictions. 3) An abundance of peer-reviewed studies continue to debunk rising CO2 fears and, 4) "Consensus" has been manufactured for political, not scientific purposes.

Last years Climate Change Conference was totally ignore by the press. This year’s conference got some press in the media, but most of the stories unfairly marginalized and ridicules the event.

Gråulf.